{"id":231482,"date":"2022-03-27T13:16:55","date_gmt":"2022-03-27T12:16:55","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.realites.com.tn\/?p=231482"},"modified":"2022-03-27T13:16:55","modified_gmt":"2022-03-27T12:16:55","slug":"guerre-et-liberte-dexpression","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/realites.com.tn\/fr\/guerre-et-liberte-dexpression\/","title":{"rendered":"Guerre et&#8230; libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression !"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>Quand j\u2019ai c\u00e9d\u00e9, avec plaisir, \u00e0 l\u2019invitation d\u2019une association internationale \u00ab<em>The international association\u00a0of digital\u00a0 information<\/em>\u00bb pour donner une conf\u00e9rence sur \u00ab<em>La libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression en temps de guerre<\/em>\u00bb (Francfort, mars 1999), je me suis interrog\u00e9 naturellement sur la signification de ce th\u00e8me, alors que la guerre de Kosovo \u00e9tait entr\u00e9e, au moment de ce colloque, dans une \u00e9tape de d\u00e9bordements, de d\u00e9rapages et de r\u00e9pressions, ce qui a conduit plusieurs m\u00e9dias occidentaux \u00e0 exploiter de tels \u00e9v\u00e9nements de fa\u00e7on \u00e9minemment id\u00e9ologique, donc mystificatrice. Un conf\u00e9rencier, comme chacun sait, doit avant tout \u00e9tablir les faits, puis en donner une interpr\u00e9tation coh\u00e9rente, vraisemblable, sans dommage trop grand pour l\u2019id\u00e9al de l\u2019objectivit\u00e9 dont le propre, par essence, sera de n\u2019\u00eatre jamais atteint ! Pour faire l\u2019intellectuel qui s\u2019illusionne sur le primat de l\u2019objectivisme sur l\u2019\u00e9motivisme, on a coutume de recourir \u00e0 des notions tr\u00e8s g\u00e9n\u00e9rales, en \u00e9voquant des \u00ab<em>courants<\/em>\u00bb et des \u00ab<em>th\u00e9ories conceptuelles<\/em>\u00bb, quitte \u00e0 malmener, souvent, la complexit\u00e9 des th\u00e8mes propos\u00e9s \u00e0 pr\u00eater une justification excessive \u00e0 des perversions d\u00e9sastreuses. Parler de la libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression et des d\u00e9fis qu\u2019elle rencontre en p\u00e9riode de guerre, c\u2019est soulever d\u2019embl\u00e9e une multitude de questions : o\u00f9 en est cette libert\u00e9 par rapport \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9volution des libert\u00e9s dans le monde ? Tient-elle face \u00e0 la loi\u00a0du\u00a0plus fort ? Participe-t-elle au renforcement de l\u2019id\u00e9al humain ? Quelle attitude adopte-t-elle face \u00e0 la censure officielle et la d\u00e9sinformation d\u00e9lictueuse et, plus pr\u00e9cis\u00e9ment, celle de l\u2019Occident civilis\u00e9 ? \u00c0 notre \u00e9poque, la guerre \u00e9clate sur le plan m\u00e9diatique et ensuite se d\u00e9place dans le champ de bataille pour que les deux fronts fusionnent d\u2019une mani\u00e8re organique. Si l\u2019un d\u2019eux se d\u00e9r\u00e8gle, l\u2019autre s\u2019alt\u00e8re et touche \u00e0 sa fin. Cette v\u00e9rit\u00e9 s\u2019est confirm\u00e9e durant la guerre du Golfe. Avec l\u2019ad\u00e9quation sid\u00e9rante entre la logistique m\u00e9diatique et les performances militaires, les t\u00e2ches \u00e9taient distribu\u00e9es avec une pr\u00e9cision sans \u00e9gal. Le triomphe m\u00e9diatique a \u00e9t\u00e9 suivi d\u2019une victoire militaire \u00e9crasante. Pendant cette guerre, les m\u00e9dias occidentaux n\u2019ont pas trouv\u00e9 de concurrent qui s\u2019opposerait \u00e0 leurs croisades. La contre-information \u00e9tait totalement primaire, nuisible l\u00e0 o\u00f9 elle croyait bien faire, vuln\u00e9rable et pr\u00eatant le flanc \u00e0 chaque incursion dans les rangs ennemis. La machine m\u00e9diatique occidentale s\u2019\u00e9tait impos\u00e9e avec tout son poids pour occuper aussi bien la sc\u00e8ne et l\u2019espace que les esprits, ceux tant des partisans que des adversaires. Les cha\u00eenes satellitaires am\u00e9ricaines et europ\u00e9ennes sont devenues ainsi, la plateforme privil\u00e9gi\u00e9e de toutes les parties du conflit, se sont saisies de cette exclusivit\u00e9 d\u2019une mani\u00e8re magistrale qui a ouvert la voie \u00e0 une victoire militaire\u00a0destructrice. Tout le monde s\u2019\u00e9tait rendu compte,\u00a0alors, que les m\u00e9dias arabes, tant dans leur tendance qui soutenait la guerre que dans celle qui s\u2019y opposait, \u00e9taient d\u00e9pourvus de rationalit\u00e9, de clairvoyance et de cr\u00e9dibilit\u00e9. C\u2019\u00e9tait la communication des humeurs, des r\u00e9actions sentimentales, de la cupidit\u00e9 et des surench\u00e8res bellicistes. Ce sc\u00e9nario de la guerre du Golfe a chut\u00e9 dans les Balkans \u00e0 la fin du printemps 1999 parce que le front m\u00e9diatique de la croisade atlantique sur l\u2019ex-Yougoslavie s\u2019est av\u00e9r\u00e9 incapable de r\u00e9aliser les objectifs fix\u00e9s initialement. L\u2019issue finale de l\u2019exp\u00e9dition militaire a mis, par cons\u00e9quent, beaucoup de temps \u00e0 se dessiner. Aujourd\u2019hui, on assiste \u00e0 une \u00ab<em>reproduction<\/em>\u00bb de cet \u00e9chec m\u00e9diatique atlantique dans la guerre en Ukraine. Au fil des jours, il \u00e9tait devenu clair que la situation \u00e9voluait vers une r\u00e9sistance m\u00e9diatique russe susceptible de renforcer les rangs de Vladimir Poutine et de ses partisans. La propagande m\u00e9diatique russe est parvenue \u00e0 desserrer l\u2019\u00e9tau avec une habile exploitation de l\u2019arrogance occidentale. En censurant les m\u00e9dias russes, les Atlantiques ont oubli\u00e9, cette fois-ci, que l\u2019information charg\u00e9e de mensonge et de balivernes peut facilement \u00eatre \u00ab<em>mise sous scell\u00e9s<\/em>\u00bb !<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Quand j\u2019ai c\u00e9d\u00e9, avec plaisir, \u00e0 l\u2019invitation d\u2019une association internationale \u00abThe international association\u00a0of digital\u00a0 information\u00bb pour donner une conf\u00e9rence sur \u00abLa libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression en temps de guerre\u00bb (Francfort, mars 1999),&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":101,"featured_media":166508,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-231482","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinions"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Guerre et... libert\u00e9 d\u2019expression ! 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