{"id":365686,"date":"2025-08-05T21:38:14","date_gmt":"2025-08-05T20:38:14","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/realites.com.tn\/fr\/?p=365686"},"modified":"2025-08-05T21:38:14","modified_gmt":"2025-08-05T20:38:14","slug":"un-dilemme-recurrent-orientation-universitaire-employabilite","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/realites.com.tn\/fr\/un-dilemme-recurrent-orientation-universitaire-employabilite\/","title":{"rendered":"Un dilemme r\u00e9current :  Orientation universitaire \u2013 employabilit\u00e9"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>De mon temps, il y a cinquante ans, il n\u2019y avait pas d\u2019orientation universitaire. J\u2019entends bien, une orientation coercitive.<\/p>\n<p>Je me chargeais, en compagnie de mes camarades au bureau ex\u00e9cutif de l\u2019UGET (Union G\u00e9n\u00e9rale des \u00c9tudiants de Tunisie) de transmettre et d\u00e9fendre les desiderata des nouveaux bacheliers aupr\u00e8s d\u2019une commission paritaire qui se r\u00e9unissait tout au long des mois de l\u2019\u00e9t\u00e9 dans une annexe du d\u00e9partement de l\u2019\u00c9ducation Nationale.<\/p>\n<p>Ce n\u2019\u00e9tait pas gagn\u00e9 d\u2019avance, mais on finissait toujours par nous donner satisfaction apr\u00e8s, bien s\u00fbr, moult palabres. Notamment devant les regrett\u00e9s Mohamed Fekih et Mokhtar Laatiri nos vis-\u00e0-vis pour les fili\u00e8res m\u00e9dicales et scientifiques.<\/p>\n<p>Quand l\u2019ambiance s\u2019\u00e9lectrisait, Si Mokhtar prenait son appareil photo, qui ne le quittait gu\u00e8re, et mitraillait l\u2019assistance.<\/p>\n<p>L\u2019orientation, en ce temps-l\u00e0, avait pour corollaire l\u2019octroi d\u2019une bourse. L\u2019un n\u2019allait pas sans l\u2019autre.<\/p>\n<p>\u00c9videmment, le nombre, encore modeste des \u00e9tudiants, permettait de g\u00e9rer les flux vers l\u2019universit\u00e9 de Tunis et au-del\u00e0 c\u2019est-\u00e0-dire vers les principales villes universitaires de France pour certaines fili\u00e8res.<\/p>\n<p>Mais le souci primordial qui pr\u00e9sidait alors, c\u2019\u00e9tait bien l\u2019employabilit\u00e9. Notre devoir \u00e0 tous \u00e9tait d\u2019assurer un emploi \u00e0 tous les futurs dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s. Il y allait de la rentabilit\u00e9 \u00ab sociale \u00bb du syst\u00e8me universitaire.<\/p>\n<p>Former des ch\u00f4meurs, c\u2019est la pire vocation d\u2019une institution \u00e9lev\u00e9e au rang de temple du savoir et de la connaissance.<\/p>\n<p>De surcro\u00eet, et compte tenu de l\u2019allocation sans cesse augment\u00e9e des ressources que la Nation y consent, ce serait une horreur \u00e9conomique, disions-nous \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9poque.<\/p>\n<p>Cette \u00e9poque est r\u00e9volue. Au moment o\u00f9 l\u2019UGET p\u00e9riclitait, les pouvoirs publics choisirent de cr\u00e9er aux lieu et place de cette fameuse commission, un office l\u2019ONOU (Office National des \u0152uvres Universitaires) tout en confiant la probl\u00e9matique de l\u2019orientation \u00e0 une direction cr\u00e9\u00e9e au sein du nouveau d\u00e9partement de l\u2019Enseignement Sup\u00e9rieur.<\/p>\n<p>Finis les \u00e9changes humains. Place au traitement informatique. Vive le progr\u00e8s ! Sauf que, m\u00eame en France o\u00f9 le Parcoursup initi\u00e9 en 2018 pour g\u00e9rer les v\u0153ux des bacheliers soul\u00e8ve encore des vagues \u2013 boite noire, syst\u00e8me inhumain \u2013, le computer n\u2019est pas tenu par une obligation de r\u00e9sultat. C\u2019est-\u00e0-dire assurer aux \u00e9tudiants ainsi orient\u00e9s, un emploi \u00e0 la fin de leurs \u00e9tudes.<\/p>\n<p>Quand on s\u2019en \u00e9tait aper\u00e7us, on crut bien faire de cr\u00e9er une myriade d\u2019ISET (Institut Sup\u00e9rieur des Sciences Technologiques) pour des fili\u00e8res courtes afin de garantir \u00e0 leur dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s un emploi rapide et r\u00e9mun\u00e9rateur.<\/p>\n<p>Mais comme le claironnait avec d\u00e9pit le po\u00e8te abbasside El Moutanabi (910-965) \u00ab les vents soufflent parfois dans la direction oppos\u00e9e \u00e0 celle souhait\u00e9e par les bateaux \u00bb l\u2019ISET de Charguia cr\u00e9e pour la formation, entre autres, de dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s en techniques juridiques, n\u2019a gu\u00e8re r\u00e9ussi \u00e0 placer tous ses \u00e9tudiants aupr\u00e8s de la population cible : avocats et notaires.<\/p>\n<p>Certains d\u2019entre eux se sont retrouv\u00e9s derri\u00e8re les caisses enregistreuses de quelques grandes surfaces !<\/p>\n<p>Si bien que les universit\u00e9s tunisiennes sont devenues de grandes entreprises de formation de ch\u00f4meurs.<\/p>\n<p>On a m\u00eame la particularit\u00e9 d\u2019avoir invent\u00e9 un nouveau profil : les dipl\u00f4m\u00e9s \u2013 ch\u00f4meurs endurcis \u0623\u0635\u062d\u0627\u0628 \u0627\u0644\u0634\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0627\u0644\u0630\u064a\u0646 \u0637\u0627\u0644\u062a \u0628\u0637\u0627\u0644\u062a\u0647\u0645<\/p>\n<p>Leur nombre est, h\u00e9las, horripilant.<\/p>\n<p>La communaut\u00e9 est mise devant ses responsabilit\u00e9s. Car comment ose-t-on orienter un bachelier vers des branches qui sont soit obsol\u00e8tes soit satur\u00e9es.<\/p>\n<p>Et ce n\u2019est pas l\u2019IA qui va constituer un suppl\u00e9tif d\u2019un mode qui a atteint ses limites.<\/p>\n<p>Il nous faut imaginer un nouveau mode o\u00f9 la concertation reprendra ses droits. Tout le monde y gagnera. Les \u00e9tudiants, les enseignants, l\u2019administration et les entreprises \u00e9conomiques d\u00e9sormais partenaires des universit\u00e9s.<\/p>\n<p>Mais c\u2019est le pays tout entier qui b\u00e9n\u00e9ficiera des retomb\u00e9es de cette orientation\u2026 \u00e0 visage humain.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>De mon temps, il y a cinquante ans, il n\u2019y avait pas d\u2019orientation universitaire. J\u2019entends bien, une orientation coercitive. Je me chargeais, en compagnie de mes camarades au bureau ex\u00e9cutif&hellip;<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":138,"featured_media":358359,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-365686","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-a-la-une","category-opinions"],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v26.3 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title>Un dilemme r\u00e9current : Orientation universitaire \u2013 employabilit\u00e9 - R\u00e9alit\u00e9s Magazine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"De mon temps, il y a cinquante ans, il n\u2019y avait pas d\u2019orientation universitaire. J\u2019entends bien, une orientation coercitive. 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