{"id":376594,"date":"2025-12-03T09:43:52","date_gmt":"2025-12-03T08:43:52","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/realites.com.tn\/fr\/?p=376594"},"modified":"2025-12-03T10:04:07","modified_gmt":"2025-12-03T09:04:07","slug":"pollution-biodiversite-sante-le-golfe-de-gabes-sous-la-loupe-a-beit-al-hikma","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/realites.com.tn\/fr\/pollution-biodiversite-sante-le-golfe-de-gabes-sous-la-loupe-a-beit-al-hikma\/","title":{"rendered":"Pollution, biodiversit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 : le golfe de Gab\u00e8s sous la loupe \u00e0 Beit Al-Hikma"},"content":{"rendered":"

Longtemps consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l\u2019un des berceaux biologiques les plus riches de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, le golfe de Gab\u00e8s traverse aujourd\u2019hui une crise environnementale majeure. Situ\u00e9 sur la c\u00f4te sud-est de la Tunisie et repr\u00e9sentant \u00e0 lui seul un tiers du littoral national, ce golfe peu profond, aux mar\u00e9es parmi les plus fortes du bassin m\u00e9diterran\u00e9en, abrite des herbiers de Posidonie et de Caulerpa d\u2019une importance exceptionnelle. De v\u00e9ritables nurseries naturelles qui lui ont valu le surnom de \u00ab pouponni\u00e8re de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e \u00bb.<\/p>\n

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Professeure Amal Hamza Chaffa\u00ef<\/p><\/div><\/dt>\n<\/dl>\n<\/div>\n

Cette richesse biologique a longtemps soutenu pr\u00e8s de 65 % de la production halieutique tunisienne. Crevette royale, poulpe, seiche, palourde ou encore poissons benthiques : le golfe a nourri une activit\u00e9 de p\u00eache intense et permis \u00e0 plusieurs communaut\u00e9s c\u00f4ti\u00e8res de prosp\u00e9rer.
\nMais depuis le d\u00e9but des ann\u00e9es 1990, l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me montre des signes pr\u00e9occupants de d\u00e9gradation. L\u2019essor des activit\u00e9s industrielles \u2014 notamment les unit\u00e9s de transformation de phosphates, les complexes chimiques, les tanneries et la plasturgie \u2014 a profond\u00e9ment boulevers\u00e9 l\u2019\u00e9quilibre du milieu marin. Les cons\u00e9quences sont visibles : recul spectaculaire des herbiers de Posidonie, baisse marqu\u00e9e des stocks de poissons et contamination chimique et microbiologique persistante.
\nFace \u00e0 cette situation, les autorit\u00e9s ont mis en place d\u00e8s 1995 un programme national de surveillance environnementale reposant sur plusieurs r\u00e9seaux sp\u00e9cialis\u00e9s : suivi microbiologique\u00a0(REMI), observation des phytoplanctons toxiques (REPHY), contr\u00f4le des contaminants chimiques (RECNO), d\u00e9tection des biotoxines en cas d\u2019alerte (REBI) et surveillance des parasites (REPIDEMIO).<\/p>\n

Malgr\u00e9 ces dispositifs, l\u2019ampleur et la diversit\u00e9 des polluants continuent de faire peser une menace s\u00e9rieuse sur la biodiversit\u00e9 et sur la sant\u00e9 des populations vivant \u00e0 proximit\u00e9 du golfe.
\nC\u2019est ainsi que l\u2019\u2019experte en \u00e9cotoxicologie marine, la professeure Amal Hamza Chaffa\u00ef, animera le 5 d\u00e9cembre, au si\u00e8ge de l\u2019Acad\u00e9mie tunisienne des sciences, des lettres et des arts \u00ab Beit Al-Hikma \u00bb, une conf\u00e9rence scientifique intitul\u00e9e : \u00ab Le golfe de Gab\u00e8s : entre richesse biologique et pollution chronique \u2014 \u00c9tat des lieux des impacts sur l\u2019\u00e9cosyst\u00e8me et la sant\u00e9 humaine (1990\u20132025) \u00bb.
\nA cette occasion, elle pr\u00e9sentera une synth\u00e8se de plus de trente ann\u00e9es de recherches men\u00e9es sur cette r\u00e9gion maritime strat\u00e9gique. Son intervention s\u2019articulera autour de deux axes principaux, portant respectivement sur les effets de la pollution sur les organismes marins et sur la sant\u00e9 humaine.
\nLe premier analyse l\u2019impact de la pollution sur les organismes marins, \u00e0 partir d\u2019approches in situ, in vivo et in vitro, d\u2019exp\u00e9riences de transplantation et d\u2019une cartographie spatio-temporelle de la contamination. Ces \u00e9tudes s\u2019appuient notamment sur des biomarqueurs et bioindicateurs permettant d\u2019\u00e9valuer les effets des polluants \u00e0 l\u2019\u00e9chelle mol\u00e9culaire, cellulaire, tissulaire et organique.
\nLe second volet concerne la sant\u00e9 humaine. Deux enqu\u00eates \u00e9pid\u00e9miologiques men\u00e9es dans la r\u00e9gion mettent en lumi\u00e8re une possible association entre l\u2019exposition aux contaminants et la survenue de cancers des voies a\u00e9rodigestives sup\u00e9rieures ainsi que de cancers de la vessie.
\nA l\u2019heure o\u00f9 les pressions industrielles persistent, le golfe de Gab\u00e8s continue d\u2019incarner un paradoxe : une zone d\u2019une importance \u00e9cologique vitale, mais fragilis\u00e9e par des d\u00e9cennies de pollution chronique. La question demeure : la Tunisie parviendra-t-elle \u00e0 enrayer ce d\u00e9clin avant que l\u2019un de ses \u00e9cosyst\u00e8mes les plus embl\u00e9matiques ne perde d\u00e9finitivement sa capacit\u00e9 de r\u00e9silience ?<\/p>\n

 <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Longtemps consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l\u2019un des berceaux biologiques les plus riches de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, le golfe de Gab\u00e8s traverse aujourd\u2019hui une crise environnementale majeure. Situ\u00e9 sur la c\u00f4te sud-est de la…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":111,"featured_media":376595,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"no","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[27,2508],"tags":[7276,2048,4621,3736],"class_list":["post-376594","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-actualite","category-environnement","tag-beit-al-hikma","tag-gabes","tag-pollution","tag-realites-online"],"yoast_head":"\nPollution, biodiversit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 : le golfe de Gab\u00e8s sous la loupe \u00e0 Beit Al-Hikma - R\u00e9alit\u00e9s Magazine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Longtemps consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l\u2019un des berceaux biologiques les plus riches de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, le golfe de Gab\u00e8s traverse aujourd\u2019hui une crise\" \/>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/realites.com.tn\/fr\/pollution-biodiversite-sante-le-golfe-de-gabes-sous-la-loupe-a-beit-al-hikma\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"fr_FR\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Pollution, biodiversit\u00e9, sant\u00e9 : le golfe de Gab\u00e8s sous la loupe \u00e0 Beit Al-Hikma - R\u00e9alit\u00e9s Magazine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Longtemps consid\u00e9r\u00e9 comme l\u2019un des berceaux biologiques les plus riches de la M\u00e9diterran\u00e9e, le golfe de Gab\u00e8s traverse aujourd\u2019hui une crise\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:url\" content=\"https:\/\/realites.com.tn\/fr\/pollution-biodiversite-sante-le-golfe-de-gabes-sous-la-loupe-a-beit-al-hikma\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:site_name\" content=\"R\u00e9alit\u00e9s Magazine\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:publisher\" content=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/realites.tn\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:published_time\" content=\"2025-12-03T08:43:52+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"article:modified_time\" content=\"2025-12-03T09:04:07+00:00\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:image\" content=\"https:\/\/realites.com.tn\/fr\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Capture-decran-2025-10-01-073333.jpg\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:width\" content=\"1396\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:height\" content=\"823\" \/>\n\t<meta property=\"og:image:type\" content=\"image\/jpeg\" \/>\n<meta name=\"author\" content=\"M. 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