{"id":378465,"date":"2025-12-26T20:52:57","date_gmt":"2025-12-26T19:52:57","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/realites.com.tn\/fr\/?p=378465"},"modified":"2025-12-26T20:52:57","modified_gmt":"2025-12-26T19:52:57","slug":"commemoration","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/realites.com.tn\/fr\/commemoration\/","title":{"rendered":"Comm\u00e9moration"},"content":{"rendered":"

Le 19 d\u00e9cembre, \u00e0 15 heures, Be\u00eft al-Hikma organisait une s\u00e9ance comm\u00e9morative d\u00e9di\u00e9e \u00e0 Franz Fanon, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 le 16 d\u00e9cembre 1961. La plus entour\u00e9e de l\u2019assembl\u00e9e fut ma fille Mariem, \u00e9conomiste chevronn\u00e9e, qui retrouvait, l\u00e0, son ancien prof, Mahmoud Ben Romdhane, ainsi que de nombreux coll\u00e8gues et amis.
\nLe principal conf\u00e9rencier, Mohamed Karrou, fut l\u2019un de mes \u00e9tudiants.Vu ce pass\u00e9 encore pr\u00e9sent, l\u2019ambiant \u00e9tait \u00e0 la convivialit\u00e9.
\nJadis invit\u00e9 par Georges Grana\u00ef, l\u2019introducteur de l\u2019enseignement sociologique en Tunisie, Fanon anima, en 1959, huit conf\u00e9rences adress\u00e9es aux \u00e9tudiants que nous \u00e9tions. Le racisme et le colonialisme sont les deux b\u00eates noires de Fanon. Lors de la premi\u00e8re conf\u00e9rence, il cite l\u2019ouvrage de l\u2019Am\u00e9ricain Chester Hems \u00ab\u00a0La reine des pommes<\/em>\u00a0\u00bb d\u2019o\u00f9 il extrait une berceuse chantonn\u00e9e par une m\u00e8re \u00e0 son nouveau-n\u00e9\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Dors, dors mon enfant car, apr\u00e8s, la vie ne sera pas dr\u00f4le\u00a0\u00bb.
\n<\/em>Et pour cause, car au quartier noir d\u00e9nomm\u00e9 Harlem, le racisme exacerb\u00e9 atteignait son apog\u00e9e. Tout au long de ses travaux, Fanon appliquait une probl\u00e9matisation titr\u00e9e \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019hospitalisation de jour en psychiatrie\u00a0\u00bb.
\n<\/em>Il nous a distribu\u00e9 un exemplaire de ce texte extraordinaire. Dans la mesure o\u00f9 l\u2019enfermement asilaire enfonce le fou dans sa folie, le correctif n\u00e9cessaire combinait l\u2019hospitalisation avec des moments r\u00e9cr\u00e9atifs du genre festif ou sportif.
\nFanon vitup\u00e9rait l\u2019incarc\u00e9ration d\u00e9nonc\u00e9e, aussi, par Michel Foucault dans son \u201cHistoire de la folie<\/em>\u201d, ou par Maud Mannoni avec cet ouvrage magistral \u00ab\u00a0Le psychiatre, son fou et la psychanalyse\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>. Elle y \u00e9crit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Le probl\u00e8me que pose la maladie mentale comme provocation intol\u00e9rable \u00e0 l\u2019homme du commun, semble \u00e0 l\u2019antipsychiatrie \u00eatre la base sur laquelle doit se fonder toute recherche relative \u00e0 la folie\u00a0\u00bb.
\n<\/em>C\u2019est l\u00e0 une question de repr\u00e9sentation. Ainsi, \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00f4pital psychiatrique de Blida, Fanon demande au personnel soignant de lib\u00e9rer les incarc\u00e9r\u00e9s.Mais, une fois revenu \u00e0 son bureau, le rejoint l\u2019infirmier d\u00e9sempar\u00e9.
\nL\u2019un des fous rel\u00e2ch\u00e9s fonce, t\u00eate baiss\u00e9e, pour cogner la baie vitr\u00e9e.
\nQuand Fanon arrive, le fou arr\u00eate son \u00e9lan. Fanon lui dit : \u00ab Vas-y, continue.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>\u00a0L\u2019homme ob\u00e9it, a priori.
\nAu bureau, Fanon demande au patient le pourquoi de son comportement.
\nDans la baie vitr\u00e9e, l\u2019hallucin\u00e9 se voit avec une t\u00eate de lion. Il ne le veut pas et il fonce contre la repr\u00e9sentation mal-aim\u00e9e. Lorsque Fanon invite le patient \u00e0 continuer, celui-ci croit que le soignant per\u00e7oit le monde comme lui-m\u00eame et il explicite le contenu subconscient de son hallucination. Ainsi op\u00e8re le soubassement th\u00e9orique de l\u2019activit\u00e9 pratique. Le second cas de figure a trait au patient trait\u00e9 \u00e0 l\u2019h\u00f4pital Charles Nicolle. Fanon me demande d\u2019aller dialoguer avec un fou. A mon retour, il me pose la question\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0Comment l\u2019as-tu trouv\u00e9\u00a0?\u00a0\u00bb
\n<\/em>\u00ab\u00a0Tout ce qu\u2019il y a de plus normal. Il m\u2019a demand\u00e9 de revenir le voir.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>\u00a0Quand il \u00e9tait au maquis alg\u00e9rien, il a appris qu\u2019un soldat fran\u00e7ais avait viol\u00e9 sa femme.
\nD\u00e8s lors, il devient tout \u00e0 fait impuissant et c\u2019est, me dit le malade, l\u2019humiliation lors de tel ou tel essai rat\u00e9. Le refus, mental, du viol commis biffe le champ sexuel.
\nLa relation \u00e9tablie entre la sph\u00e8re organique et l\u2019univers psychique entre, elle-m\u00eame, en rapport avec les structures sociales qui influencent, \u00e0 leur tour, les clauses de la n\u00e9vrose.La vision de la d\u00e9mence \u00e9volua tout au long du temps. D\u00e9j\u00e0 au 15e<\/sup>\u00a0si\u00e8cle, Erasme \u00e9crit dans \u00ab\u00a0Eloge de la folie\u00a0\u00bb\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0La folie ne fait point le malheur de l\u2019homme, puisqu\u2019elle est conforme \u00e0 sa nature\u00a0\u00bb. <\/em>Plus
\ntard, autrement dit maintenant, Jacques Lacan, tout aussi v\u00e9ridique, profond et percutant, dit\u00a0: \u00ab\u00a0L\u2019\u00eatre de l\u2019homme, non seulement ne peut \u00eatre compris sans la folie, mais il ne serait pas l\u2019\u00eatre de l\u2019homme s\u2019il ne portait en soi la folie comme limite \u00e0 sa libert\u00e9.\u00a0\u00bb<\/em>\u00a0La folie ne cesse de nous habiter sous forme de virtualit\u00e9. Aujourd\u2019hui, en Tunisie, la coexistence de la tradition et de la modernit\u00e9 reproduit deux repr\u00e9sentations de la folie. Chez les psychiatres, le fou souffre d\u2019un trouble psycho-pathologique.
\nPour les officiants du monde social maraboutique, le fou est l\u2019habit\u00e9 par le d\u00e9mon, esprit malfaisant.
\nUne cloison s\u00e9pare ces deux visions. Une ultime remarque serait \u00e0 mentionner. Comme j\u2019en suis rest\u00e9 au papier-crayon, une large part des informations cit\u00e9es me fut livr\u00e9e par Yanis, mon petit fils. Il jongle avec Internet et j\u2019en demeure d\u00e9connect\u00e9. \u00a0\u00a0<\/em>\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0\u00a0<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Le 19 d\u00e9cembre, \u00e0 15 heures, Be\u00eft al-Hikma organisait une s\u00e9ance comm\u00e9morative d\u00e9di\u00e9e \u00e0 Franz Fanon, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 le 16 d\u00e9cembre 1961. La plus entour\u00e9e de l\u2019assembl\u00e9e fut ma fille Mariem,…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":91,"featured_media":127920,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-378465","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinions"],"yoast_head":"\nComm\u00e9moration - R\u00e9alit\u00e9s Magazine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"Le 19 d\u00e9cembre, \u00e0 15 heures, Be\u00eft al-Hikma organisait une s\u00e9ance comm\u00e9morative d\u00e9di\u00e9e \u00e0 Franz Fanon, d\u00e9c\u00e9d\u00e9 le 16 d\u00e9cembre 1961. 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