{"id":390994,"date":"2026-06-26T12:48:53","date_gmt":"2026-06-26T11:48:53","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/realites.com.tn\/fr\/?p=390994"},"modified":"2026-06-26T12:48:53","modified_gmt":"2026-06-26T11:48:53","slug":"la-bougie-de-la-vie","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/realites.com.tn\/fr\/la-bougie-de-la-vie\/","title":{"rendered":"La bougie de la vie"},"content":{"rendered":"

A leurs\u00a0\u00a0 mani\u00e8res\u00a0\u00a0 particuli\u00e8res, les fins de vie diff\u00e8rent. Quelques secondes avant de quitter ce monde, un pratiquant dit, au plus haut point serein : \u00ab Je me sens comme une bougie qui s\u2019\u00e9teint.<\/em>\u00bb La m\u00e9taphore vaut son pesant d\u2019or tant elle explicite, parfois, le ressenti \u00e0 l\u2019heure de la mort. Un deuxi\u00e8me cas de figure illustre l\u2019extr\u00eame oppos\u00e9 de la s\u00e9r\u00e9nit\u00e9. A l\u2019instant fatidique, le pris de panique agite sa t\u00eate remu\u00e9e dans tous les sens. A maintes reprises, il appelle son fr\u00e8re a\u00een\u00e9 tout comme si le mourant cherchait \u00e0 maintenir un lien avec le vivant. Le dernier mot de l\u2019affol\u00e9 au moment de tout quitter fut : \u00ab Mettez-moi dans mon lit <\/em>\u00bb. Pour l\u2019imaginaire mortif\u00e8re, le lit de la mort n\u2019est pas celui o\u00f9 dormit la vie. Examinons une troisi\u00e8me situation. Alit\u00e9e, la belle-m\u00e8re, pieuse, demande \u00e0 ses enfants de lui apporter son chapelet. Elle murmure, maintes fois, l\u2019invocation adress\u00e9e \u00e0 la divinit\u00e9 jusqu\u2019au moment o\u00f9 la bougie de l\u2019adieu s\u2019\u00e9teignait. Quelle interpr\u00e9tation sugg\u00e8rent ces v\u00e9cus \u00e0 la fois semblables et diff\u00e9rents ? La qui\u00e9tude \u00e9prouv\u00e9e par le croyant et la panique ressentie par l\u2019agnostique \u00e0 l\u2019heure de l\u2019ultime s\u00e9paration outrepassent la question de la croyance. Une sagesse, humaine, suffit \u00e0 maintenir le sang-froid gard\u00e9 face au d\u00e9c\u00e8s. \u00c9picure, d\u00e9nomm\u00e9 \u00ab le philosophe du jardin <\/em>\u00bb dira que la mort n\u2019est \u00ab rien <\/em>\u00bb. Vol- taire prendra la voie de ce d\u00e9bat. Il combat la superstition et l\u2019inquisition.
\nMarx d\u00e9noncera \u00ab l\u2019opium du peuple <\/em>\u00bb. \u00a0Cependant, que la fin de vie mime l\u2019agitation volcanique ou la calme fusion de la bougie, elle n\u2019\u00e9pargne aucun humain. Les damn\u00e9s de la terre prennent appui sur ce crit\u00e8re pour y d\u00e9ni- cher une fonction consolatrice de la mis\u00e8re. Riches ou pauvres, ma\u00eetres ou esclaves, tous finissent par loger \u00e0 la m\u00eame enseigne face aux vers du cimeti\u00e8re. Une telle repr\u00e9sentation d\u00e9samorce l\u2019\u00e9ventuel combat livr\u00e9 \u00e0 la transformation de la soci\u00e9t\u00e9 nimb\u00e9e d\u2019in\u00e9galit\u00e9.
\nSi aujourd\u2019hui r\u00e8gne l\u2019injustifi\u00e9, demain le temps abolira l\u2019iniquit\u00e9. Dans ces conditions, la croyance chantonne la berceuse vou\u00e9e \u00e0 endormir les d\u00e9sh\u00e9rit\u00e9s. Moins sp\u00e9culatif et davantage exp\u00e9rimental que Marx, Marcel Mauss, dans son \u00ab Essai sur l\u2019id\u00e9e de mort <\/em>\u00bb, oriente l\u2019exploration vers la mise en rapport du physiologique et du sociologique. Indemne au plan m\u00e9dical, une personne meurt quand son groupe d\u2019appartenance d\u00e9cide et orchestre sa mort. Un proc\u00e8s hom\u00e9ostatique instaure un rapport, \u00e0 double sens, entre le stress et la d\u00e9- gradation du corps. Lors de la mise en coop\u00e9rative par appropriation \u00e9tatique des moyens, personnels, de production et d\u2019\u00e9change, nous disions \u00ab mate bil hamsa <\/em>\u00bb. Nietzsche, l\u2019iconoclaste, s\u2019en prend \u00e0 l\u2019\u00c9tat, ce \u00ab chien hypocrite <\/em>\u00bb, produit du nihilisme, dira Zarathoustra. Semblable invective critique la d\u00e9rive de la gestion \u00e9tatique usurp\u00e9e, entre autres, durant la noire d\u00e9cennie.
\nMais\u00a0\u00a0 l\u2019appr\u00e9ciation\u00a0\u00a0 nietzsch\u00e9enne \u00a0demeure inapte \u00e0 d\u00e9finir l\u2019\u00e9tatique de mani\u00e8re universelle, intemporelle et syst\u00e9matique. Une d\u00e9finition heuristique de l\u2019\u00e9tatique appara\u00eet, plut\u00f4t, avec la formulation classique de Max Weber \u00a0:
\n\u00ab L\u2019Etat est une communaut\u00e9 humaine qui revendique avec succ\u00e8s le monopole de l\u2019usage l\u00e9gitime de la violence physique sur un territoire d\u00e9termin\u00e9 <\/em>\u00bb. Bourdieu ajoute une observation tout aussi essentielle, surtout au vu du monde social actuel : \u00ab L\u2019\u00c9tat a pris le relais de l\u2019unit\u00e9 domestique dans la gestion des \u00e9changes entre les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations, et le \u00ab troisi\u00e8me \u00e2ge <\/em>\u00bb est l\u2019une de ces inventions collectives qui ont permis de transf\u00e9rer \u00e0 l\u2019Etat\u00a0 la gestion des anciens jusque-l\u00e0 impartie \u00e0 la famille ou qui, plus exactement, ont remplac\u00e9 la gestion directe au sein de la famille des \u00e9changes entre les g\u00e9n\u00e9rations par une gestion de ces \u00e9changes assur\u00e9s par l\u2019Etat \u00bb.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

A leurs\u00a0\u00a0 mani\u00e8res\u00a0\u00a0 particuli\u00e8res, les fins de vie diff\u00e8rent. Quelques secondes avant de quitter ce monde, un pratiquant dit, au plus haut point serein : \u00ab Je me sens comme…<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":91,"featured_media":48167,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_lmt_disableupdate":"","_lmt_disable":"","_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[11],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-390994","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-opinions"],"yoast_head":"\nLa bougie de la vie - R\u00e9alit\u00e9s Magazine<\/title>\n<meta name=\"description\" content=\"A leurs\u00a0\u00a0 mani\u00e8res\u00a0\u00a0 particuli\u00e8res, les fins de vie diff\u00e8rent. 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