L’exode oublié : quand les Algériens réécrivaient leur destin au Proche-Orient

C’est un voyage d’une grande sensibilité que nous propose cet ouvrage, une plongée dans les replis d’une histoire arabe largement méconnue. En dévoilant des pans entiers du passé récent restés sous silence, ce livre s’adresse directement aux nouvelles générations pour combler un vide mémoriel. C’est précisément là que réside toute la singularité et la valeur de cette œuvre.
Intitulé «Exils algériens au Levant. L’histoire de la famille Mograby, entre migration, mémoire et identité effacée», ce travail du chercheur Abdallah S. Mograby est paru aux éditions L’Harmattan. .

Une trajectoire à contre-courant des récits officiels
L’auteur s’attache à reconstituer le destin de ces Algériens qui ont pris la route de l’exil vers la Palestine, la Syrie, le Liban et la Jordanie au lendemain de la colonisation française. En croisant habilement archives officielles, souvenirs intimes et analyses historiques, il redessine la cartographie oubliée de cette migration vers l’Est, montrant comment l’exil et la violence coloniale ont redéfini les identités.
La finesse de l’ouvrage tient à sa capacité à lier l’intime à l’universel. En mêlant les chroniques de sa propre lignée à la grande Histoire, l’auteur offre au lecteur une matière vivante, humaine et chaleureuse, qui adoucit la rigueur parfois austère de l’enquête documentaire.
Alors que l’historiographie traditionnelle a presque toujours analysé le passé algérien sous le double prisme de la colonisation française et de l’émigration vers l’Europe, Abdallah S. Mograby braque les projecteurs sur un exode massif mais négligé : celui qui a poussé des milliers d’Algériens vers le Bilad al-Sham (le Levant). Établis sur les terres de l’Empire ottoman, ces exilés ont traversé les séismes politiques du XXe siècle — des mandats français et britanniques jusqu’à la tragédie de la Nakba en 1948. Ils n’ont pas été de simples spectateurs ou des réfugiés passifs, mais des acteurs de premier plan qui ont contribué à façonner les sociétés et les cultures des deux rives de la Méditerranée.

De la mémoire familiale à l’enquête globale
Le récit prend pour ancrage la trajectoire de la famille Mograby . À travers ce prisme singulier, c’est l’expérience collective de milliers de foyers dépossédés de leurs terres et brisés par la colonisation qui s’éclaire, alors qu’ils tentaient de reconstruire leur vie à Haïfa, Saïda, Damas ou Beyrouth. L’histoire familiale devient ainsi la clé de voûte d’une fresque régionale connectant l’Algérie au Proche-Orient dans un même espace méditerranéen.
Cette rigueur, l’auteur la doit aussi à son parcours personnel. Élevé au Liban au sein d’une famille algérienne installée au Levant depuis plusieurs générations, il a poursuivi ses études en Australie, où il a obtenu un doctorat en économie avant de se spécialiser dans l’analyse des politiques publiques. Ce double ancrage — une mémoire familiale chevillée au corps et une formation académique de haut niveau — l’a poussé à traquer la vérité historique derrière les récits oraux, transformant les légendes de table basse en un projet scientifique de longue haleine.

Faire parler les archives
La force méthodologique du livre est remarquable. L’auteur ne se contente pas de relater des souvenirs ; il les éprouve au contact des sources, compare les témoignages et replace chaque fragment de vie dans son contexte juridique et politique. Pour ce faire, il a exploré un gisement documentaire impressionnant : archives ottomanes, françaises, britanniques et arabes, registres consulaires, actes notariés, documents religieux, correspondances et cartes anciennes, sans oublier les fonds de la Bibliothèque nationale de France et de la Bibliothèque du Congrès américain.
Loin de traiter l’archive comme une vérité figée, il fait dialoguer les documents entre eux : un acte de propriété vient ainsi valider un récit oral, tandis qu’une note consulaire française trouve son explication dans un registre ottoman. De ce va-et-vient émerge un tableau saisissant de la présence algérienne dans des villes comme Jérusalem, Acre, Haïfa, Damas ou Amman, révélant le rôle actif joué par ces artisans, commerçants, lettrés et propriétaires fonciers.
Ce livre n’est qu’une étape. Abdallah S. Mograby , qui avait déjà publié « Du Djurdjura au Carmel » en 2015, prépare un second volet basé sur des archives ottomanes et religieuses totalement inédites. Ce futur travail s’attachera à disséquer la vie quotidienne de ces migrants — leurs mariages, leurs successions, leurs transactions immobilières et leurs liens de voisinage.
En définitive, dans un monde de plus en plus sensible aux questions de diaspora et d’identité, cet ouvrage s’impose comme une référence majeure. Il rappelle avec force que les mouvements de population ne sont pas de simples déplacements sur une carte, mais des flux vitaux qui continuent de nourrir, génération après génération, la mémoire collective des peuples.

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